- Use a strong password. A strong password contains a combination of six or more uppercase and lowercase letters, plus punctuation and numbers. Using all four types of characters works the best. For example instead of using welcome use W3Lc0mE^9.
- Passwords should be eight or more characters in length. The longer the password, the harder it is to crack.
- Never use the same password twice. If, for example, your eBay account were hacked and your password obtained, the hacker would have instant access to your PayPal account if you use the same password.
- Do not use common information in your password, such as birthdates, your phone number, or other information directly related to you.
- Passwords comprised of characters rather than proper words are more secure.
- Refrain from writing passwords down and do not login to accounts via a public computer (e.g., at the library or Internet cafe) and save the password details in the browser.
- Never click an e-mail link and log into a secure site from an e-mail. Even if the e-mail looks legitimate, always type the URL into a browser yourself, then log in to your account. This will help you avoid phishing attacks.
- Do not allow applications to store your passwords online, and remember to clear your browser cache, history and clear passwords frequently.
- Remember to change your passwords frequently. The more important the account, the more frequently the password should be changed.
- Never communicate a password to anyone, especially via e-mail or instant messenger. Passwords should always be kept private.
Some systems will allow you to use a pass phrase, that is a phrase with spaces. These are the most secure types of log-ins. If the system does not support phrases, then you can create a secure password from a phrase.
For example "My son Ryan is 12 years old" as a password could be msRi12yo. You can make this more secure my replacing some characters with uppercase letters and adding numbers and punctuation, like this: msRi12Y0!. These types of passwords are often easier to remember- There are many online services that can help you determine how secure your password really is. Microsoft's Password Checker lets you enter in a password and the service will help you to gauge the strength of your password. Microsoft also recommends that a strong password should be 14 characters or longer, (eight characters or longer at a minimum), and it should include a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols.
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1. Amazon, originally a printed book seller company, now sells more e-books than printed books.
2. The first domain name ever registered was Symbolics.com. 3. 80% of all pictures on the internet are of women 4. Tim Berners-Lee coined the phrase “World Wide Web” in 1990. 5. U.S. President Bill Clinton’s inauguration in January 1997 was the first to be webcast. 6. Google uses an estimated 15 billion kWh of electricity per year, more than most countries. However, google generates a lot of their own power with their solar panels. 7. Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft was a college drop out. 8. Bill Gates house was designed Using a Macintosh computer. 9. About 1.8 billion people connect to the Internet, only 450 million of them speak English. 10. In 2012, approximately 17 billion devices (which includes computers, tablets and mobile) connected to the Internet. 11. Sweden has the hightest percentage of internet users, they are 75%. 12. Did you know that Email was already around before the World Wide Web came? 13. Up until the 14th of September, 1995, domain registration was free. 14. One of the world’s leading computer and computer peripheral manufacturer Hewlett Packard was first started in a garage at Palo Alto in the year 1939. 15. One out of every 8 married couples in the USA (2011), met online. 16. Google estimates that the Internet today contains about 5 million terabytes of data (1TB = 1,000GB), and claims it has only indexed a paltry 0.04% of it all! You could fit the whole Internet on just 200 million Blu-Ray disks. 17. There are about five porn pages for every ‘normal’ web-page. 18. The prime reason the Google home page is so bare, is due to the fact that the founders didn’t know HTML and just wanted a quick interface. Infact, the submit button was a later addition initially, hitting the RETURN key was the only way to burst Google into life. 19. Doug Engelbart had made the first computer mouse in 1964, and it was made out of wood. 20. Every minute, 10 hours of videos are uploaded on Youtube. 21. The world’s first computer which was named the Z1, was invented by Konrad Zuse in 1936. His next invention, the Z2 was finished in 1939 and was the first fully functioning electro-mechanical computer. 22. There are approximately 1,319,872,109 people using the Internet. 23. Amongst the most interesting computer facts is, when the first Apple computer which was built by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, it was made by using parts they got for free from their employers. They were made to scrounge spare parts from work. 24. While it took the radio 38 years, and the television a short 13 years, it took the World Wide Web only 4 years to reach 50 million users. 25. 70% of virus writers work under contract for organized crime syndicates. 26. A program named “Rother J” was the first computer virus to come into sight “in the wild” — that is, outside the single computer or lab where it was created. 27. ‘Stewardesses’ is the longest word which can be typed with only the left hand. 28. Mosaic was the first popular web browser which was released in 1993. 29. Of the 247 BILLION email messages sent every day, 81% are pure spam. The word "computer" was first used
The word "computer" was first recorded as being used in 1613 and was originally was used to describe a person who performed calculations or computations. The definition of a computer remained the same until the end of the 19th century when it began referring to a machine that performed calculations. First mechanical computer or automatic computing engine concept In 1822, Charles Babbage purposed and began developing the Difference Engine, considered to be the first automatic computing engine that was capable of computing several sets of numbers and making a hard copies of the results. Unfortunately, because of funding he was never able to complete a full-scale functional version of this machine. In June of 1991, the London Science Museum completed the Difference Engine No 2 for the bicentennial year of Babbage's birth and later completed the printing mechanism in 2000. Later, in 1837 Charles Babbage proposed the first general mechanical computer, the Analytical Engine. The Analytical Engine contained an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), basic flow control, and integrated memory and is the first general-purpose computer concept. Unfortunately, because of funding issues this computer was also never built while Charles Babbage's was alive. In 1910, Henry Babbage, Charles Babbage's youngest son was able to complete a portion of this machine and was able to perform basic calculations. First programmable computer The Z1, originally created by Germany's Konrad Zuse in his parents living room in 1936 to 1938 and is considered to be the first electro-mechanical binary programmable (modern) computer and really the first functional computer. The first electric programmable computer The Colossus was the first electric programmable computer and was developed by Tommy Flowers and first demonstrated in December 1943. The Colossus was created to help the British code breakers read encrypted German messages. The first digital computer Short for Atanasoff-Berry Computer, the ABC started being developed by Professor John Vincent Atanasoff and graduate student Cliff Berry in 1937 and continued to be developed until 1942 at the Iowa State College (now Iowa State University). The ABC was an electrical computer that used vacuum tubes for digital computation including binary math and Boolean logic and had no CPU. On October 19, 1973, the US Federal Judge Earl R. Larson signed his decision that the ENIAC patent by Eckert and Mauchly was invalid and named Atanasoff the inventor of the electronic digital computer. The ENIAC was invented by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania and began construction in 1943 and was not completed until 1946. It occupied about 1,800 square feet and used about 18,000 vacuum tubes, weighing almost 50 tons. Although the Judge ruled that the ABC computer was the first digital computer, many still consider the ENIAC to be the first digital computer because it was fully functional. The first stored program computer The early British computer known as the EDSAC is considered to be the first stored program electronic computer. The computer performed its first calculation on May 6, 1949 and was the computer that ran the first graphical computer game, nicknamed "Baby". The first computer company The first computer company was the Electronic Controls Company and was founded in 1949 by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the same individuals who helped create the ENIAC computer. The company was later renamed to EMCC or Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation and released a series of mainframe computers under the UNIVAC name. First stored program computer First delivered to the United States Government in 1950, the UNIVAC 1101 or ERA 1101 is considered to be the first computer that was capable of storing and running a program from memory. First commercial computer In 1942, Konrad Zuse begin working on the Z4, which later became the first commercial computer after being sold to Eduard Stiefel a mathematician of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich on July 12, 1950. The first PC (IBM compatible) computer On April 7, 1953 IBM publicly introduced the 701, its first electric computer and first mass produced computer. Later IBM introduced its first personal computer called the IBM PC in 1981. The computer was code named and still sometimes referred to as the Acorn and had a 8088 processor, 16 KB of memory, which was expandable to 256 and utilizing MS-DOS. The first computer with RAM MIT introduces the Whirlwind machine on March 8, 1955, a revolutionary computer that was the first digital computer with magnetic core RAM and real-time graphics. The first transistor computer The TX-O (Transistorized Experimental computer) is the first transistorized computer to be demonstrated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1956. The first minicomputer In 1960, Digital Equipment Corporation released its first of many PDP computers the PDP-1. The first mass-market PC In 1968, Hewlett Packard began marketing the first mass-marketed PC, the HP 9100A. The first workstation Although it was never sold, the first workstation is considered to be the Xerox Alto, introduced in 1974. The computer was revolutionary for its time and included a fully functional computer, display, and mouse. The computer operated like many computers today utilizing windows, menus and icons as an interface to its operating system. The first microprocessor Intel introduces the first microprocessor, the Intel 4004 on November 15, 1971. The first personal computer In 1975, Ed Roberts coined the term "personal computer" when he introduced the Altair 8800. Although the first personal computer is considered by many to be the Kenback-1, which was first introduced for $750 in 1971. The computer relied on a series of switches for inputting data and output data by turning on and off a series of lights. The Micral is considered the be the first commercial non-assembly computer. The computer used the Intel 8008 processor and sold for $1,750 in 1973. The first laptop or portable computer The IBM 5100 is the first portable computer, which was released on September 1975. The computer weighed 55 pounds and had a five inch CRT display, tape drive, 1.9MHz PALM processor, and 64KB of RAM. In the picture to the right, is an ad of the IBM 5100 taken from a November 1975 issue of Scientific America. The first truly portable computer or laptop is considered to be the Osborne I, which was released on April 1981 and developed by Adam Osborne. The Osborne I weighed 24.5 pounds, had a 5-inch display, 64 KB of memory, two 5 1/4" floppy drives, ran the CP/M 2.2 operating system, included a modem, and cost US$179. The IBM PC Division (PCD) later released the IBM portable in 1984, it's first portable computer that weighed in at 30 pounds. Later in 1986, IBM PCD announced it's first laptop computer, the PC Convertible, weighing 12 pounds. Finally, in 1994, IBM introduced the IBM ThinkPad 775CD, the first notebook with an integrated CD-ROM. The first Apple computer Steve Wozniak designed the first Apple known as the Apple I computer in 1976. The first PC clone The Compaq Portable is considered to be the first PC clone and was release in March 1983 by Compaq. The Compaq Portable was 100% compatible with IBM computers and was capable of running any software developed for IBM computers.
In 1992, Tandy Radio Shack becomes one of the first companies to release a computer based on the MPC standard with its introduction of the M2500 XL/2 and M4020 SX computers. Other major computer company firsts Below is a listing of some of the major computers companies first computers. Compaq - In March 1983, Compaq released its first computer and the first 100% IBM compatible computer the "Compaq Portable." Dell - In 1985, Dell introduced its first computer, the "Turbo PC." Hewlett Packard - In 1966, Hewlett Packard released its first general computer, the "HP-2115." NEC - In 1958, NEC builds its first computer the "NEAC 1101." Toshiba - In 1954, Toshiba introduces its first computer, the "TAC" digital computer. F1
Early IBM computers also had keyboards with F13 through F24 keys. However, because these keyboards are no longer used they are not listed on this page. Alt + F -> File menu options in current program.
Alt + E -> Edit options in current program F1 -> Universal Help in almost every Windows program. Ctrl + A -> Select all text. Ctrl + F -> Open find window for current document or window. Ctrl + X -> Cut selected item. Shift + Del -> Cut selected item. Ctrl + C -> Copy selected item. Ctrl + Ins -> Copy selected item Ctrl + V -> Paste Shift + Ins -> Paste Ctrl + P -> Print the current page or document. Home -> Goes to beginning of current line. Ctrl + Home -> Goes to beginning of document. End -> Goes to end of current line. Ctrl + End -> Goes to end of document. Shift + Home -> Highlights from current position to beginning of line. Shift + End ->Highlights from current position to end of line. Ctrl + Left arrow -> Moves one word to the left at a time. Ctrl + Right arrow -> Moves one word to the right at a time. |